Click on the pictures
 
 

July 24, 1769

March 1769	May 10, 1769

Chronology on the History of Slavery
Harper's Weekly Black History
The Terrible Transformation

AFRICA
The Story of Africa (BBC)
The Atlantic Slave Trade
The Slave Route Project: Landmarks and Relics of Slavery
Slavery and the African Slave Trade in Pre-Colonial Africa
The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade And Ghana

BOOKS
Olmsted, Frederick Law. A Journey in the Seaboard Slave States, with Remarks on their Economy (1856)
 

RICHARD ALLEN

 
 

CHARLES BALL

Fifty Years In Chains; or, The Life of an American Slave (1837)
 

BENJAMIN BANNEKER

Henry E. Baker. Benjamin Banneker, the Negro Mathematician and Astronomer. The Journal of Negro History, Apr., 1918
Silvio A. Bedini. Benjamin Banneker and the Survey of the District of Columbia, 1791. Records of the Columbia Historical Society, Washington, D.C., Vol. 69/70 (1969/1970)
Ron Eglash. The African Heritage of Benjamin Banneker. Social Studies of Science, Apr., 1997
Benjamin Banneker: America's First Black Astronomer. The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, Summer, 1996

JIM BECKWOURTH

"Opulent Men of Color," Portage Wisconsin State Register, May 17, 1890
"Letter from Los Angeles," San Francisco Daily Evening Bulletin, February 12, 1859
"Letter from Pike's Peak," Freedom's Champion (Atchison, Kansas), July 14, 1860
Review of the Life and Adventures of James P. Beckwourth, The Mississippi Valley Historical Review, Dec., 1931
Review of the Life and Adventures of James P. Beckwourth, The Southwestern Historical Quarterly, Apr., 1932
Review of the Life and Adventures of James P. Beckwourth, California Historical Quarterly, Spring, 1973
Review of the Life and Adventures of James P. Beckwourth, Montana: The Magazine of Western History, Summer, 1973
Review of the Life and Adventures of James P. Beckwourth, Arizona and the West, Autumn, 1973
Review of the Life and Adventures of James P. Beckwourth, Pacific Historical Review, Nov., 1973
 

CELIA

Slave schedules 1830
Slave schedules 1840
Free Inhabitants Census 1850
The Trial of Celia 1855
Celia, A Slave (Answers.com)
1855: The slave Celia, who had no right to resist
"Mad" Enough to Kill: Enslaved Women, Murder, and Southern Courts (The Journal of African American History, 2007)
 

CINQUE AND THE AMISTAD REVOLT

Amistad revolt
 

OLAUDAH EQUIANO (1745-1797)

The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African (London, 1789)
Douglas Anderson, "Division below the Surface: Olaudah Equiano's 'Interesting Narrative,'" (Studies in Romanticism, Fall 2004)
Was Equiano an African or an African American? (The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, Autumn 2005)
Olaudah Equiano (BBC History)
 

GRANDISON HARRIS (1816-1911)
"THE RESURRECTION MAN"

Grandison Harris
 

JOSIAH HENSON (1789-1883)

The Life of Josiah Henson, Formerly a Slave, Now an Inhabitant of Canada, As Narrated By Himself (Boston: 1849)
Advertisement: The Life of Josiah Henson (Boston Daily Atlas, June 18, 1849)
Josiah Henson -- Caution (The Liberator, April 11, 1851, 60)
Emigration of Colored People to Jamaica (The Liberator, Oct. 24, 1851)
Exposed at Last (The Liberator, May 22, 1857, 84)
A Grateful Acknowledgement (Boston Daily Advertiser, March 24, 1875)
The Original "Uncle Tom" (Chicago Daily Inter Ocean, June 16, 1876)
The Original Uncle Tom: Mr. Henson Describes His Interview With Queen Victoria (St. Louis Globe Democrat, March 27, 1877, 2)
"Uncle Tom" no one in particular (St. Louis Globe Democrat, June 3, 1877, 9)
A Chat With the Hero of "Uncle Tom's Cabin" (St. Louis Globe Democrat, July 8, 1878, 2)
The "Original" Uncle Tom (Los Angeles Daily Times, Aug. 27, 1882)
Mrs. Stowe's Uncle Tom (The Milwaukee Sentinel, May 7, 1883)
The Original "Uncle Tom": Death of Rev. Josiah Henson at Dresden, Ont. (San Francisco Daily Evening Bulletin, May 26, 1883)
The Many Original Uncle Toms (Chicago Daily Inter Ocean, Dec. 4, 1895, 3)
Was he the Original Uncle Tom? (Chicago Daily Inter Ocean, July 25, 1896)
 

HARRIET ANN JACOBS (1813-1897)

Dr. James Norcom (1778-1850)
Samuel Tredwell Sawyer (1800-1865)
$100 Reward advertisement
Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl (1861)
1870 Federal Census, Cambridge, Mass.
1880 Federal Census, Washington, D.C.
Jean Fagan Yellin, Written by Herself: Harriet Jacobs' Slave Narrative, American Literature, Nov., 1981
 

ELIZABETH KECKLEY
Behind the Scenes or Thirty Years a Slave, and Four Years in the White House (1868)
A Literary Thunderbolt! Boston Daily Advertiser, April 15, 1868
Gossip, Newark Advocate (Newark, OH), May 1, 1868
Life in the White House when Mr. Lincoln was President, Vermont Chronicle, May 9, 1868
Extraordinary Novelty! Boston Daily Advertiser, June 27, 1868
 

SOLOMON NORTHUP

Twelve Years a Slave (1855)
The Kidnapping Case (NY Times, Jan. 19, 1853)
Narrative of the Seizure and Recovery of Solomon Northrup (NY Times, Jan. 20, 1853)
Twelve Years a Slave advertisement (NY Times, April 13, 1853)
Trial of the Suspected Kidnappers of Solomon Northrop (NY Times, July 12, 1854)
Trial of the Northrup Kidnappers (NY Times, July 13, 1854)
New Publications (NY Times, July 19, 1854)
Solomon Northup 1840 census
Ann Northup 1860 census
 

JAMES W. C. PENNINGTON
Degree of Doctor of Divinity from Surrey (N.Y. Herald, Aug. 17, 1843)
 

SOJOURNER TRUTH

Painter, Nell Irving. Representing Truth: Sojourner Truth's Knowing and Becoming Known (The Journal of American History, Sept. 1994)
 

DAVID WALKER (1785-1830)

Walker's Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World
 
 

PHILLIS WHEATLEY

A Short Account of Phillis Wheatley (The Liberator, Feb. 18, 1832)
On Being Brought From Africa to America (The Liberator, March 17, 1832)
On Virtue (The Liberator, Feb. 18, 1832)
Goliath of Gath (The Liberator, Feb. 28, 1832)
On the Death of the Rev. Mr George Whitefield (The Liberator, April 7, 1832)
To a Clergyman, on the Death of his Lady (The Liberator, May 12, 1832)
Phillis Wheatley, the Negro-Slave Poet (Boston Daily Advertiser, Dec. 21, 1863)
Phillis Wheatley's Poems (Rocky Mountain News, Jan. 9, 1887)
The Poetess Found on a Slave Ship (Chicago Daily Inter Ocean, March 12, 1893)
 

BLIND TOM WIGGINS (May 25, 1849–June 14, 1908)

Blind Tom Website
Blind Tom, or a Rebel General Turned Showman (N.Y. Times, July 31, 1865)
Blind Tom’s Tombstone (The New Yorker, July 15, 2002)
 

19TH CENTURY NEWSPAPER ARTICLES
U.S. newspapers 1848-1860
South Carolina newspapers 1861-1862
South Carolina newspapers 1863
South Carolina newspapers 1864
South Carolina and U.S. newspapers 1865-1895
 

SEMINOLE NEGROES
Late from the Army, New-York Spectator, March 22, 1838
General Jesup’s Campaigns, New-York Spectator, (New York, NY) August 2, 1838
General Jesup’s Report, The Floridian (Tallahassee, FL), August 25, 1838
Extracts from Jay’s "View of the Action of the Federal Government in Behalf of Slavery" Origin of the Florida War, The Emancipator, (New York, NY) December 12, 1839; pg. 132
Governmental Slavery, Vermont Chronicle (Bellows Falls, VT), February 1, 1843; pg. 18
Col. Hitch Recommends the Seminole Indian Negroes Be Returned to Florida, The Galveston Daily News (Houston, TX), September 1, 1875
The Seminole Negroes, Daily Arkansas Gazette (Little Rock, AR), September 7, 1875
Mustered out of the Service, St. Louis Globe-Democrat (St. Louis, MO), October 10, 1884; pg. 4
Territorial News, Cherokee Advocate (Tahlequah, OK), February 20, 1897

SLAVERY ADVOCATES
Senator John C. Calhoun Sees Slavery as a Positive Good (1837)
Essay on the Treatment and Management of Slaves (1852)
 

SLAVES WHO BECAME SLAVE OWNERS
Anna Kingsley Plantation, Florida
William "April" Ellison: A Black Entrepreneur and Slave Owner in Sumter, S.C. (1790-1861)
 

FREE BLACK SLAVE OWNERS
Free Negro Owners of Slaves in the United States in 1830 (The Journal of Negro History, Jan. 1924)
 

THE SLAVE TRADE
Slave Catchers in Africa
Slave Ships
Slaves Processing Sugar
Slave Punishment
 

SUGAR PLANTATIONS

Sugar mills of the 19th century
 

VIDEOS
The Slave Kingdoms: The Ashanti (Video 1)
The Slave Kingdoms (Video 2)
The Slave Kingdoms (Video 3)
The Slave Kingdoms: The Road to Timbuktu (Video 4)
The Slave Kingdoms (Video 5)
The Slave Kingdoms (Video 6)
 

LATIN AMERICA

The African Heritage in Latin America
 

UNITED STATES

Colonial Slavery
Southern Slavery
Slave Advertisements
African American Religion
Southern Reconstruction
 

FREE PERSONS OF COLOR
Joaquin (Wakin) Delery, Cuban fisherman in Louisiana, 1850 census
A. Duhart, Cuban gunsmith, New Orleans, 1850 census
A. Duhart, Cuban gunsmith and lightning-rod maker, New Orleans, 1851 city directory
Jeremie and Henriette Desdunes 1880 census
Rodolphe Lucien Desdunes 1880 census
Rodolphe Lucien Desdunes 1896 passport
Rodolphe Lucien Desdunes 1920 census
Pierre L. Carmouche 1900 Census
Pierre L. Carmouche 1920 Census
 

GRANDFATHER CLAUSE CASE
GUINN v. U.S., 238 U.S. 347 (1915)
 

MILITARY
A Chronology of African American Military Service
May, Robert E. Invisible Men: Blacks and the U.S. Army in the Mexican War (The Historian)
 

Black Confederates
 

U.S. Colored Troops
 

Civil War Contrabands
 

Freedman's Bureau
 

CLOTHING
10, 500 Pair Negro Shoes (Columbia Telescope and South Carolina State Journal, Oct. 26, 1827)
 

CORPORAL PUNISHMENT ON SLAVES
Rape and murder of mistress and murder of master (The Liberator, April 7, 1854)
 

CORPORAL PUNISHMENT ON FREE BLACKS
Mulatto women in New Orleans receive 20 lashes for vulgar language (Natchez Gazette, Oct. 24, 1926)
Jose Montes and Laurence Antonio, 10 lashes for petit larceny in Mobile (New Orleans Louisiana Advertiser, April 27, 1827)
The Negroes (Arkansas Gazette, Nov. 23, 1831)
 

FORT MOSE
Fort Mose: Earliest Free African-American Town in the United States
 

MEDICAL TREATMENT
Medicine and Slavery: An Essay Review (Georgia Historical Quarterly, Fall 1979)
 

MORALITY
Charles Colcock Jones to William States Lee, Aug. 26, 1861, denouncing his fathering a mulatto child with a slave servant
Helo, Ari and Peter Onuf. Jefferson, Morality, and the Problem of Slavery (The William and Mary Quarterly, July 2003)
 

RELIGION
Bassett, J. S. The Religious Conditions of Slavery in North Carolina (The Raleigh News and Observer, Dec. 17, 1899)
Johnson, Whittington B. Andrew C. Marshall: A Black Religious Leader of Antebellum Savannah (The Georgia Historical Quarterly, Summer 1985)
 

REVOLTS
Granade, Ray. Slave Unrest in Florida (Florida Historical Quarterly, July-1976)
Thompson, Thomas Marshall. National Newspaper and Legislative Reactions to Louisiana's Deslondes Slave Revolt of 1811 (Louisiana History, Winter 1992)

STONO REBELLION
Darold D. Wax, "The Great Risque We Run": The Aftermath of Slave Rebellion at Stono, South Carolina, 1739-1745 (The Journal of Negro History, Summer 1982)
Mark M. Smith, Remembering Mary, Shaping Revolt: Reconsidering the Stono Rebellion (Journal of Southern History, Summer 2001)

NAT TURNER REBELLION

The Confessions of Nat Turner (1831)
$500 Reward for Nat Turner. The Globe (Washington-DC), Sept. 23, 1831
General Nat, Daily National Intelligencer, Nov. 7, 1831
Nat Turner captured, New York Spectator, Nov. 11, 1831
The Confession of Nat Turner, Providence Patriot, Columbian Phenix (R.I.), Nov. 30, 1831
The Green Sun of 1831, Raleigh Daily Register, Aug. 13, 1853
 

SLAVE STEALERS

Law vs. Lynch Law, Liberator, Oct. 27, 1837
Petition from the South Cong'l. Church, Middletown, for the Pardon of Alanson Work, a Convicted Slave-Stealer, in the Missouri Penitentiary (New England Weekly Review (Hartford), April 2, 1842
Jonathan Walker Sentenced and Branded!! (The Liberator, Dec. 6, 1844)
Negro Stealing, Emancipator and Weekly Chronicle, Dec. 18, 1844
Capt. Jonathan Walker of Harwich, Mass. Cleveland Herald, July 16, 1845
The Branded Hand, Cleveland Herald, Aug. 13, 1845
Isaac Vanbibber (12) and A. P. Mainwaring (14) in Louisiana penitentiary for negro stealing, Sept. 1850
End of a Slave Stealer, New York Herald, July 1, 1857
Sentence of a Slave Stealer, New York Herald, June 21, 1858
 

RUNAWAY SLAVES
Nichols, Jr., Charles A. The Case of William Grimes, the Runaway Slave (The William and Mary Quarterly, Oct. 1951)
Levy, charged with assault with intent to kill, The Mississippian, May 9, 1834
 

THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD
Conklin, Julia S. The Underground Railroad in Indiana (The Indiana Quarterly Magazine of History, June 1910)
 

SALLY HEMINGS DESCENDANTS
John Wayles Hemings (1835-1892) in 1850 Ohio census
John Jefferson (1835-1892) in 1860 Wisconsin census
DNA Tests Offer Evidence That Jefferson Fathered a Child With His Slave
DNA tests suggest Jefferson fathered child with slave
 

SLAVE NARRATIVES
Slave Narratives from the Federal Writers' Project, 1936-1938
Charlie Hudson, age 80
Polsky, Milton. The American Slave Narrative: Dramatic Resource Material for the Classroom (Journal of Negro Education, Spring 1976)
 

PLANTATION OWNERS
Robert Francis Withers Allston, Prince George Winyaw, Georgeton, S.C., 1850 Federal census

Bennet Hilliard Barrow (1811-1854)
Hamilton-Barrow Family Papers
Bennet H. Barrow diary excerpts 1836-1845
Bennet H. Barrow Highland Plantation Rules
Bennet H. Barrow: Ante-Bellum Planter of the Felicianas, The Journal of Southern History, Nov. 1939
Review of Plantation life in the Florida Parishes of Louisiana, 1836-1846, as Reflected in the Diary of Bennet H. Barrow,  The Journal of Southern History, Nov. 1943
Review of Plantation life in the Florida Parishes of Louisiana, 1836-1846, as Reflected in the Diary of Bennet H. Barrow, The Journal of Economic History, Nov., 1944

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)
Thomas Jefferson and Monticello plantation

Isaac Granger Jefferson, in 1847.
He worked in the Monticello nailery
and also became a blacksmith.
 

James Henry Hammond (1807-1864)
Jon L. Wakelyn. The Changing Loyalties of James Henry Hammond: A Reconsideration. The South Carolina Historical Magazine, Jan., 1974
Drew Gilpin Faust. A Slaveowner in a Free Society: James Henry Hammond on the Grand Tour, 1836-1837. The South Carolina Historical Magazine, July 1980
 

PLANTATION DRIVERS

Clifton, James M. The Rice Driver: His Role in Slave Management (The South Carolina Historical Magazine, Oct. 1981)
Hoffman, Charles and Tess. The Limits of Paternalism: Driver-Master Relations on a Bryan County Plantation (The Georgia Historical Quarterly, Fall 1983)
Van Deburg, William L. The Slave Drivers of Arkansas: A New View From the Narratives (The Arkansas Historical Quarterly, Autumn 1976)
 

PLANTATION HOUSE SERVANTS
C. W. Harper, Black Aristocrats: Domestic Servants on the Antebellum Plantation (Phylon, 2nd. Quarter, 1985)
 

PLANTATION OVERSEERS

William Mathis, age 28, illiterate, Sumter, S.C., 1850
Wiethoff, William E. Enslaved Africans' Rivalry with White Overseers in Plantation Culture" An Unconventional Interpretation (The Journal of Black Studies, Jan. 2006)
Scarborough, William Kauffman. The Southern Plantation Overseer: A Re-Evaluation (Agricultural History, Jan. 1964)
 

MODERN SLAVERY
Brazilian government team frees hundreds of slaves
The Journey of a 15-Year-Old From Mali Who Sold Himself Into Bondage
Slavery is widespread, reports international crime conference
 

GENERAL
'African-American' Becomes a Term for Debate
Brazil's Former Slave Havens Slowly Pressing for Rights
From Washington Abolition Of Slavery
The Heights of American Slaves: New Evidence on Slave Nutrition and Health
Slave descendants to sue Lloyd's
More Africans Enter U.S. Than in Days of Slavery
Preserving a heritage
A Big White Lie
Michelle Obama's family tree has roots in a Carolina slave plantation
Former King aide says Powers lied about affair
 

ACADEMIC ARTICLES
Eskew, Glenn T. Black Elitism and the Failure of Paternalism in Postbellum Georgia: The Case of Bishop Lucius Henry Holsey (The Journal of Southern History, Nov. 1992)
Jackson, L. P. Virginia Negro Soldiers and Seamen in the American Revolution (The Journal of Negro History, July 1942)
May, Robert E. Invisible Men: Blacks and the U.S. Army in the Mexican War (The Historian)
Transplanting Free Negroes to Ohio from 1815 to 1858 (The Journal of Negro History, June 1916)