Financial Times
May 26 2003

Cuban-American community divided over policy

                    By Henry Hamman in Miami

                   The US response to last month's crackdown on dissent in Cuba that resulted in the imprisonment
                    of 70 opposition activists has highli ghted deep divisions inside the powerful Cuban-American
                    community.

                    So far, President George W. Bush has limited the US response to two actions. The US this month
                    expelled 14 Cuban diplomats on the grounds that they were intelligence agents. Meanwhile, it
                    has launched experiments with satellites and airborne transmitters to beam into Cuba
                    programming from US government-backed Radio and TV Marti, and begun a 24-hour transmission
                    of a high-power short-wave broadcast of Radio Marti.

                    The Cuban American National Foundation, and Cuban organisations further to the left, have
                    endorsed Mr Bush's approach. But Ninoska Pérez Castellón, a leading figure in the far-right
                    Cuban Liberty Council, says the administration's response has caused "disappointment from
                    people who had been very supportive of Bush".

                    "The revision of Cuba policy has taken longer than it should," she said.

                    Ms Pérez dismissed the experiments with more powerful broadcasts by Radio and TV Marti as
                    "a one shot deal", and argued that the diplomatic expulsions "had nothing to do with repression in
                    Cuba".

                    In an apparent signal of their unhappiness with the administration response, three Republican
                    Cuban-Americans in Congress - Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, Lincoln Diaz-Balart and Mario Diaz-Balart -
                    last Tuesday declined to attend a White House ceremony honouring a number of Cuban
                    dissidents and former political prisoners.

                    Organisations such as the Cuban Liberty Council urged Mr Bush to cut the dollar remittances that
                    Cuban-Americans send to relatives in Cuba, which total up to $1bn annually. That revenue has
                    become a mainstay of Cuba's economy. There were also calls for cutting air links between the
                    US and Cuba.

                    But many Cuban-Americans, and the Cuban American National Foundation, argued against either
                    a remittance ban or a cut in flights.

                    Further, US officials doubt whether a ban on remittances would have been effective, and argue
                    that a cut in direct flights would have simply diverted air traffic between the US and Cuba to
                    more circuitous routes. In addition, there are worries that an overly aggressive response could
                    provoke Mr Castro to unleash a new wave of migration to the US, as he did in 1980 and 1994.

                    A Bush administration official says the measures are part of an "ongoing" response to Fidel
                    Castro's latest crackdown on political dissent.

                    "People keep expecting there's going to be this major announcement of the results of a policy
                    review. That's not the case. A policy review is not like an autopsy," he said.

                    As part of its incremental approach, the US is expected to increase support for Cuban dissidents
                    and civil society advocates.

                    Domestic political calculations also seem to be at play. Conventional wisdom holds that Mr Bush
                    must carry Florida to win a second term, since New York and California were seen as firmly
                    Democratic. In the past that has always meant supporting the economic embargo against Cuba,
                    and harsh anti-Castro rhetoric.

                    But as more moderate Cuban-American views emerge, Mr Bush has more freedom to move
                    towards the centre. Complicating the Florida electoral equation is the entry of Florida's senior
                    senator, Bob Graham, into the Democratic presidential race.

                    Mr Graham is popular with Cuban-Americans, and his presence on the ticket, either as the
                    party's candidate or vice-presidential nominee, could make winning Florida more difficult for Mr
                    Bush.

                    Some analysts argue that Mr Bush's improving opinion poll ratings mean his chances of carrying
                    two other populous states - New York and California - are growing, and as a result the White
                    House is somewhat less concerned about Florida.